Showing posts with label 433. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 433. Show all posts

Monday, November 13, 2023

RTL-SDR V4 compared to RTL-SDR V3



HVDN prime author Steve K2GOG received two of the RTL-SDR V4 during its initial production run. 

Here we are about four months later and there have been many other reviews focused on basic differences between the two devices. 

There have also been impressively fast integration of the new drivers along with popular software. By mid September, almost everything was solved but I waited a while to do this article now that production has resumed and the V4 is easily found again until the R828T chips run out.

Almost every video or article focuses on the same things like which one works better for HF reception or other pretty basic things. There are some major differences where the V4 really shines and that is what this review is about.  Our goal is to NOT focus on the same thing and to not try to force our readers to buy one over the other, unless the below is of interest to you.

Please note, get the right antennae for what you want to do. Using telescoping crap antenna is not going to work well for almost everything we cover below based partially on the spectrum coverage chart below.


Directly from the "RTL-SDR Blog V4 Dongle Initial Release" article, there are some major things to point out.


  • 0-30 MHz Spectrum:  This has been beaten to death already. The V4 is much better at HF reception compared to the V3, but you still need to have a real antenna. Do not take shortcuts here as a marginal 2-3 foot (1m) telescoping whip is not going to impress you.  A major benefit is not having to select Q branch to receive the "short wave" spectrum, so with the right software the overall user experience is still better here.   It is worth noting that comparing the V4 to even the inexpensive "knock off" SDRPlay devices for around the same price still offers better HF spectrum coverage along with wider 10 MHz bandwidth compared to the V4's 3.2 MHz bandwidth.  Its time to move on. The RTL-SDR is fine for what it is and stop focusing just on this spectrum as a selling point.
  • 100-300 MHz Spectrum:  There are spots where coverage is slightly better with the V4 compared to the V3. Its not worth getting into much detail here, but the built in triplexer and filtering does a better job limiting out of band broadcast interference from the 88-108 MHz range, especially if you are interested in civilian aviation VHF 118-136 coverage as well as other amateur or utility communications.
  • 315 & 433 MHz ISM Spectrum:  If you really want to explore what is around you or wish to think you are some sort of "hacker" having better sensitivity and filtering around the 315 MHz range used for tire pressure monitors found on many vehicles in North America and the shared 433 MHz ISM range with many "Internet of Things" devices and amateur radio things is a huge gain here.  This was worth the expense for these monitoring target applications.
  • 868 & 915 MHz Sub GHz Spectrum:  Another area of improvement with the V4 device.  Many IoT devices worth sniffing around exist here. While the V4 does seem as if it is not as sensitive compared to the V3, I feel this is not too bad since it forces the user to use more purpose drive antennae to make up for the difference. 
  • >1000 MHz+ Spectrum:   North of 1 GHz, performance is not really that bad with the V4 and with an LNA, better antennae or combination of the two is fine.  Over time, the two V4 devices have been tested to have slightly less thermal drift and lower power consumption compared to the V3.  In many cases where monitoring L Band spectrum, this becomes important since the RTL-SDR's have been installed in areas not very accessible or have had to contend with heat build up.   For applications like HRPT satellites,  ADS-B, and so many other things found in the 1000-2000 MHz slice, the V4 has really been great when uses with purpose focused antennae.

Lazy Summary

We are talking about an under $40 USD device. Stop being cheap. Stop pretending this will be the best radio receiver ever made. Stop using crap antennae and blaming the SDR or the software. Stop thinking the world revolves only around HF spectrum.  Buy an RTL-SDR V4 if you are interested in doing many things which will motivate you to explore better antennae and software where you can find really cool things in the airwaves that may just be data signals and not just human voice communications.

Other Things

I really like the indicator light for when the bias T power is active. The L band patch made by RTL-SDR has an indicator, but its inside the antennae housing so is not viewable. Knowing the small green light on the V4 is on, does help ensure I know the antenna downstream is seeing power has been helpful Many software packages like SDRangel allows control of the bias T power, but a physical indicator is still nice.

Overall design in such a small package is hard to do.  We may be at the limits of what else can be done in this formfactor but with thermal management becoming more challenging, its commendable how the power supply has been redesigned. Earlier SDR suffered greatly from power issues, this is not the case with the V4.

If there were two front end major changes, I would love to have a built in dedicated high isolation filter which pretty much knocks out the entire 88-108 MHz range up to 60db since strong signals tend to mix at odd places at times or have a tight filter around 400 MHz for better ISM or radiosonde monitoring between 400-450 MHz.   Otherwise I am just picking on things I can solve other ways via outboard filtering or mission specific antennae with usually do a great job at out of band attenuation.


Thursday, November 7, 2019

Presentation: Sensing The World Around You


IoT, SDR, amateur radio, hudson valley iot, hudson valley ham club test, linux, MHVLUG, HVopen, Sean Dague,


HV Open is the premier open source software group of the Hudson Valley, formerly known as the Mid-Hudson Valley Linux Users Group (MHVLUG) that Sean Dague and others founded in 2003.

MHVLUG made the shift to fully embrace open source beyond just Linux a few years ago and created the reason to change names. Current leadership anchored by Matthias Johnson, Joe Apuzzo  and Jack Chastain have done a fantastic job along with Sean by seeking additional presenters of related topics to illustrate how much more widespread open source software has become with languages like Python being one of the most popular for those looking at SDR or IoT applications.

SDR & IoT: Sensing the world around you with open source software

HV Open was interested for HVDN to give a presentation on software defined radio at its monthly meeting held on the grounds at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. The slides can be found in our presentation repository. The presentation was given by Steve Bossert.


Steve Bossert K2GOG HVDN


Why open source matters when talking about SDR and IoT?

Amateur radio as a hobby is under immense change due to technology advancements, relevance, use cases and public perception.

The goal of this presentation was to highlight beyond amateur radio where there is innovation and opportunity to converge with other hobby groups and exchange knowledge, inspiration and expertise.


ARRL ham club new york 12603 poughkeepsie rhinebeck


Presentation Highlights

HVDN members create high impact and engaging presentations and this one was no exception.  For the 20 or so HV Open supporters present, they were treated to a video based on the often imitated Star Wars opening movie sequence to help set the stage for a great overview followed by a Q&A session.




Beyond what was captured in the presentation, there was a good bit of hardware demonstrated alongside Steve's presentation to help illustrate that an entry into SDR can be done at low cost by way of the popular RTL-SDR V3 USB receiver and the even more "covert" NooElec Nano 3 USB receiver.

For those interested in obtaining an amateur radio license and the ability to transmit with an SDR the Lime SDR Mini or the ADALM Pluto are two popular options.

All four SDR will work with the software Steve covered in his presentation and certain applications can be run not only on a regular computer or laptop, but also a Raspberry Pi or even a small Wi-Fi travel router such as those sold by GL.iNet that run OpenWRT.


From rear left to right - Zopsc wireless vibration sensor, GL iNet MT-300, AcuRite 02097M
From front left to right - Lime SDR Mini in custom 3D printed case, NooElec Nano, RTL-SDR V3


With any SDR device, different transmission sources such as common temperature sensors like those sold by AcuRite which mostly transmit in the ISM spectrum around 433 MHz. A different type of sensor presented was by a more obscure vendor named Zopsc and can be used for a variety of security applications.

Using a common USB power bank and external antenna such as a small 433 MHz magnet mount are all that is needed aside from an SDR and travel router to create a very flexible and light weight portable monitoring station for IoT devices.


remote SDR box how to



For those interested in a more complete and "professional looking" implementation of a remotely accessible SDR, Steve showed off his slightly over engineered and re-purposed example of such a device. Inside the blue commercial battery enclosure he sourced from the "maker's crown jewel for parts" of the Hudson Valley called P&T Surplus. Here is a basic block diagram inside this rugged enclosure.



mesh network aredn OSHWA Rolly Seth, Sophi Kravitz


The 12 V to 24 V DC converter is not needed for this all to work nor is the external Ethernet port or PoE splitter but were added for flexibility to use the remote SDR setup to provide power and connectivity for longer range Wi-Fi with a Ubiquiti Bullet M2 for mesh networking applications.

Power from the high capacity battery can run the basic implementation of the travel router and SDR for over seven days continually or for a few days less when using the "power over ethernet" mesh device.

All the cabling is interchangeable for easy application changes ranging from standard spade clips for DC power connections to the Ethernet and SMA antenna ports.




Using a remote SDR for IoT sensing

It is very easy to install rtl_tcp or rtl_433 onto the OpenWRT enabled router to share what is received by the SDR with any computing device that has Wi-Fi access.  

A benefit of a remote SDR is no loss of signal or more convenient placement of your IoT sensing antenna and then be able to capture, analyze and use the signals from the comfort of your kitchen table or office with no wires hanging around to trip over.

Open Source Software & SDR

The many options explored in the presentation for software are tough to capture in detail via this article summarizing the presentation, but should act as inspiration to explore Git in more depth as well as other open source software repositories as well as future articles on HVDN or presentations.

There is much to experiment with from both the hardware and software perspectives involving software defined radio and the internet of things and this presentation merely scratched the surface.

Terms like machine learning and artificial intelligence are already catching on within the SDR community as well as in IoT or open source as touched on in Steve's presentation. 







Interested in customized presentations for your group?

Since the inception of HVDN in 2017, we have supported the the Mid Hudson Valley Astronomical Society, the Squidwrench maker community,  Trenton Computer Festival and HV Open with engaging presentations to spread the word about the convergence of amateur radio with other hobby groups.

If you are interested in inviting in HVDN to give a presentation in the general Hudson Valley region of New York or slightly outside our beautiful borders, HVDN leadership can be contacted through the HVDN Notebook blog as well as via our contact page on the HVDN.org website.

SDR & IoT: Sensing the world around you with open source software presentation